The Subject-Verb Agreement in English Grammar

In English grammar, subject-verb agreement is the correspondence of a verb with its subject in person (first, second, or third) and number (singular or plural). It is also known as  subject-verb concord. The principle of subject-verb agreement applies to finite verbs in the present tense and, in a limited way, to the past forms of the verb to be (was and were). Examples and Observations of  Subject-Verb Agreement A singular subject needs a singular verb, and a plural subject needs a plural verb. (Reminder: The verb is the action word in the sentence. The subject is who or what does the action...) The girl [singular subject] reads [singular verb] mystery stories.The girls [plural subject] read [plural verb] mystery stories.Tonya [singular subject] is [singular verb] asleep.Tonya and her friends [plural subject] are [plural verb] asleep. (Rebecca Elliott, Painless Grammar, 2nd ed. Barrons, 2006)   Agreement When Prepositional Phrases Come Between the Subject and the Verb A prepositional phrase cannot contain the subject of the sentence. Do not be confused when a prepositional phrase (a phrase that begins with of, in, between, and so on) comes between the subject and the verb. In such cases, the object of the preposition appears to be the subject of the sentence when really it is not. This error can lead to an incorrect verb choice, as in the three incorrect sentences below. IncorrectHigh levels of mercury occurs in some fish.CorrectHigh levels of mercury occur in some fish.IncorrectWater in the fuel lines cause an engine to stall.CorrectWater in the fuel lines causes an engine to stall.IncorrectFood between the teeth result in decay.CorrectFood between the teeth results in decay. (Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell, Writing First with Readings: Practice in Context, 3rd ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2006)   Notes on Subject-Verb Agreement Expressions indicating quantity or amount to be considered as a unit require a singular verb. These expressions often refer to amounts of money, units of time, or measurements: Five dollars is the price of that shirt.Two hundred yards is a long way to crawl. Nouns plural in form but singular in meaning require a singular verb: Mumps is very uncommon in the United States today. A verb is never affected by a subject complement: The gift he gave his friend was books.( Books is the subject complement.) (Gordon Loberger and Kate Shoup, Websters New World English Grammar Handbook, 2nd ed. Wiley, 2009)   Agreement With Compound Subjects Joined by And Compound subjects are composed of several nouns or pronouns connected by and, or, either-or, or neither-nor. Subjects connected by and almost always form a plural subject and demand a plural verb. Dogs and cats love to have their ears scratched.Cream cheese and tomato are delicious on a bagel. There are two exceptions to this rule. The first occurs when a seemingly compound and plural subject comes to be regarded as singular through popular usage: Bacon and eggs is my favorite breakfast.Corned beef and cabbage is an Irish tradition. The other exception occurs when subjects connected by and describe a single person or thing: The creator and champion of the sport is injured.The cause and solution to our problems is this. In the first sentence, the words creator and champion refer to a single person, so the verb is singular. In the second sentence, the words cause and solution refer to a single object or issue. The verb must also be singular.(Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl Books, 2004)   Agreement With Coordinated Noun Phrases If the subject contains coordinated noun phrases, the agreement is usually with the second noun phrase when the two phrases differ in number: Either Fred or his his cousins are going.Either my aunts or my mother is going. (Ronald Wardhaugh, Understanding English Grammar: A Linguistic Approach, 2nd ed. Blackwell, 2003)   Agreement With Collective Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns Nouns such as family, choir, team, majority, minority —  any noun that names a group of individual members — can be treated as either singular or plural, depending on context and meaning: The family have all gone their separate ways.The whole family is celebrating the holidays at home this year.The majority of our city council members are Republicans.The majority always rules. Other singular-in-form nouns, such as remainder, rest, and number, also have a plural meaning in certain contexts; their number depends on their modifiers: The remainder of the job applicants are waiting outside.The rest of the books are being donated to the library.A number of customers have come early. This system also applies to certain indefinite pronouns, such as some, all, and enough: Some of the books were missing.All of the cookies were eaten. Notice what happens to the verb in such sentences when the modifier of the subject headword is singular: The rest of the map was found.Some of the water is polluted.All of the cake was eaten.The remainder of this chapter is especially important. (Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, 5th ed. Allyn Bacon, 1998)   Agreement When the Subject Follows the Verb In most sentences, the subject comes before the verb. However, in some cases, the subject follows the verb, and subject-verb agreement needs special attention. Study the following examples: Over the building flies a solitary flag. (flag flies)Over the building fly several flags. (flags fly)There is a good reason for that deadline. (reason is)There are good reasons for that deadline. (reasons are) (Paige Wilson and Teresa Ferster Glazier, The Least You Should Know About English, Form A: Writing Skills, 11th ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Subject-Verb Agreement Exercises and Quizzes Want to practice what youve just learned? Try some of these exercises and quizzes. Correcting Errors in Subject-Verb AgreementEditing Exercise: Correcting Errors in Subject-Verb AgreementIdentifying and Correcting Subject-Verb Agreement ErrorsProofreading for Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement

What Gives Us the Privilege Animal Rights Essay

After an incident in 1933 involving the blinding of seventeen women from a mascara product, the U.S. congress passed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, which stated that products must be deemed safe for human use before being sold. This was the beginning of animal testing (Cruelty-Free Labeling). Most companies use animal testing, which ensures their product is safe for consumer use. Animal testing is a very controversial topic due to the fact that the knowledge and research gained through the tests is tremendous. On the other hand, there are millions of animals forced to endure these painful experiments. Those in favor of testing, due to the fact that it is reliable, argue that it is benefitting the health of society, and†¦show more content†¦In the book Animal Rights and Human Morality, author Bernard E. Rollin explores this idea that humans feel they have been placed at the top of the food chain, and therefore can determine what creatures are or are not wor thy of possessing a soul. He cleverly and sarcastically remarks on the ludicrous argument that animals are better to test on than humans due to the fact that they do not possess a soul, when it cannot be scientifically proven in any way that humans themselves have souls either. â€Å"Even if we suppose that animals do not have a soul while humans do, the key question is this: What does the possession of a soul have to do with being an object of moral concern?† (Rollin 45) Rollin continues to elaborate his frustration on this idea, stating that lacking a soul has nothing to do with ethical consideration towards animals (Rollin 45). Humans have no right to determine the existence of a soul from other creatures. The possession of a soul in animals, or lack thereof, cannot be the determining factor in whether it is morally permissible to cause them physical harm. What can be proven is that animals feel pain at the same level of humans. In the book In Defense of Animals The Secon d Wave, author Gaverick Matheny describes animals as being able to live long and happy lives just as humans do, based on the simple idea that humans and animals share the same scope of feeling.Show MoreRelatedRifkins Rhetorical Analysis803 Words   |  4 Pagesinhumane treatment, a controversial issue is whether animals are entitled to their rights. While some argue that only humans have rights, others contend that animals should have the same privileges as humans. The author of â€Å"A Change of Heart about Animals,† Jeremy Rifkin, claims that animals should have better treatment. Rifkin rhetorically changes one’s view on this subject without the consent of the reader. Rifkin begins by showing the animals’ human qualities, then giving a counter statement toRead MoreThe Role of Propaganda in Animal Farm1255 Words   |  6 PagesRole of Propaganda in Animal Farm The novel, Animal Farm, is a well-known allegory written by George Orwell. As a satire of the Russian Revolution, Orwell portrays the rise of a cruel dictatorship and the mistreatment of the general population under it. Like the Communist government in Russia, the government in Animal Farm employs the use of many manipulative tools, especially propaganda. Propaganda was used by the pigs throughout the book, deceiving many of the animals. As this story showsRead MoreHunting Should Be Allowed1412 Words   |  6 Pagesbeneficial to our society and therefore should be allowed. Historically human beings have been pursuing wild animals to provide their families with food, clothing, and shelter. In modern times the need for hunting for survival has lessened because of the development of animal husbandry and agriculture. There were times in history worldwide when hunting became profitable and hunters began killing animals for their fur, skins, and meat. Then it became necessary to put r egulations in to effect to preserve wildlifeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Slaughtering A Dog855 Words   |  4 Pagesconceived with four legs, people are conceived with two; yet we ache for the same love and assurance. Animal abuse is becoming more severe nowadays compared to the past, due to the fact the federal government is legalizing dog assassinations and people tend to overlook dogs as a resemble of people and think mishandling them is fascinating. Slaughtering a dog is only justified when you or your domesticated animals are being assaulted. According to Mary Randolph,  ¨Generally, its perfectly legal to do anythingRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Campbells Power Of Myth1192 Words   |  5 Pageswords, there is a clear message of humans and their world that Campbell says gives â€Å"relevance to something happening in your own life. It gives you perspective on whats happening to you.† Nature always keeps duality with itself. The main source of duality is life and death. This picture portrays how the predator and prey relationship helps keep the ecosystem in balance. On many occasions, this balance has been disturbed by us, the humans. One example of this is the Yellowstone wolves. In the earlyRead MoreEssay on A Review for â€Å"The Lion King†1188 Words   |  5 Pageshidden messages that could only do them and us harm† (118). She makes her point by saying that â€Å"the Disney Magic reinforces and reproduces bigoted and stereotyped views of minorities and women in our society† (Lazarus 117). She makes comparisons such as elephant graveyards are like ghettos (Lazarus 118). Other lines of reasoning Lazarus gives us are about Whoopie Goldberg using inner city dialect, the villain Scar being gay, and only those born to privilege can bring about change (118). Lazarus beginsRead MoreThe Issue Of Animal Cruelty1023 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscovers that if everything has an ends to itself, man too, must have an end. What does being a â€Å"person† really mean, and who is eligible to classify themselves as a â€Å"person†? How can one distinctively be told apart from an intellectual animal? Aristotle’s pinpointing the function and purpose of man, can directly relate to Mary Midgley’s article Persons and Non-Persons. Midgley’s article speaks about the issue of animal cruelty. The case of harming a dolphin and eventually becoming self-destructingRead More Animal Farm Essay836 Words   |  4 Pages George Orwell’s political satire â€Å"Animal Farm† makes some interesting contrasts between the patriotic character of Old Major, an older majestic looking pig, and Napoleon, a pig who seems to bide his time waiting for the right moment to seize control for his own evil purpose. Old Major makes a patriotic speech to the assembled group, expounding the virtues of animalism (socialism) In effect he is calling for a utopian socialism in which the community must sacrifice for the collective well beingRead MoreStop Animal Cruelty1702 Words   |  7 Pages Animals are living, breathing creatures that are able to feel, think and have souls. For people to make excuses and to say that they can use animals as a means of testing, hunting, etc because they are just animals is cruel and uneducated. We as humans are animals as well. Just because we are more intelligent and advanced, it doesn’t give us the right to harm them. Just because we can, doesn’t mean we should , Dr. Ian Dunbar, a veterinarian, an author, a trainer and a behaviorist, argues that ToRead MoreThe American Constitution And The Bill Of Rights1463 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough Europe and America. Addressing conventional teachings and qualities denoted the Enlightenment; there was a prominent propensity towards independence and accentuation on the thoughts of human advance. The American Constitution and the Bill of Rights are both results of the Enlightenment and thoughts of the philosophes, specifically John Locke. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both English philosophers,influential thinkers of the seventeenth century, both had confidence in a Social Contract

Australian Privacy Act 1988-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Australian Privacy Act. Answer: Introduction This report discusses about the Australian privacy act which was made in 1988 and the objectives it suggests. On the basis of privacy act it addresses the concern in the various sectors like marketing, banking and healthcare. The report further analyzes an Australian company Computershare privacy policy and compare with the privacy act. The report finally makes some suggestions as why company should comply with its privacy policy on the basis of two case studies. Discussion Personal Information Any information about the individual which he is not comfortable to share with any organization can be termed as personal information (Sadeh et al, 2013). According to Australian Privacy Principle (APP) guidelines and the privacy act 1988. The following information can be termed as personal. Health information Credit card information Tax files id Sensitive information which includes religious beliefs, criminal records, political information Australia privacy act ThePrivacy Act 1988which was regarding Privacy rights of individual, was passed by the parliament of Australia in the year 1988 and it became active in 1989 (Park, Campbell, and Kwak, 2012). At the beginning the Act had only two objectives which were: To safeguard the personal information which was under the Australian Government .The Privacy Act contains eleven Information Privacy Principles designed on (Organization for economic cooperation and development) OECD guidelines which set the standard for Australian Government agencies to collect, store, using and disclosing and to providing access to, and correcting personal information Implementation and safeguard for the collection and usage of tax file numbers the Privacy Act included theInterim Tax File Number Guidelines, which will regulate the handling oftax file numbers. Areas of concerns Health To access the quality health care is top priority of the Australia country but it is equally important to protect the individuals privacy (Gajanayake et al, 2012). The private act 1988 says that the health service providers can share the patient information with each other in keeping the mind that the information needs to be safeguard. In the recent times the privacy protection need to be protected both in electronic healthy records and paper based record. The Privacy Amendment (Private Sector) Act 2000 redresses the Privacy Act 1988 to establish privacy standards for the Australian health sector. The legislation is active from 21 December 2001. The Privacy Act forges single consistent framework over Australia for protecting privacy (Huckvale et al 2015). According Privacy Act to provide health service includes activity that involves: recording, assessing and maintaining, improving a persons health; diagnosing a persons illness or disability; Dispensing of a prescription drug by a pharmacist Marketing In marketing the personal information of the information of the user is used and shared for business purpose to promote goods and services of the company through telephone, SMS, mail, email and online advertising on social sites thus compromising the users privacy (Ifinedo,2012). The personal information of the user is obtained from various sources which include public records, business documents, professional and trade organizations online and information from paper-based documents or phone surveys and online accounts such as purchase history or the browsing habits (cookies) of users. Banking and finance (Solove and Schwartz, 2014)When a user opens a account in the bank he has to provide various information like his name, number ,address, his financial status which comes under the personal information and all these information is stored online thus it is the it is the duty of bank to protect the customers data from misuse. Business privacy policy with the privacy act 1988 The selected company for the privacy policy is Computershare. The privacy policy written on the Computershare website says it complies with the private act 1988. It states that Computershare Limited (ABN 71 005 485 825) and its subsidiaries (Computershare) collects and use the personal information of its customers to work on the suitability of the customers. It states that to safeguard the information provided to the company is important and is only used for recruitment purposes (Wright and De Hert, 2012). Computershare collects uses and protects people personal information when he applies for a position with Computershare. It further states that sometimes it may request particular information about certain client but it will take the responsibility to inform the client the purpose for which the information is collected (Martini and Choo, 2012). Some information is obtained from a third party and is used with the consent with them. Regarding storage and Security of Personal Informati on the company says that the personal information of its employees is maintained in secure electronic databases and it take measurable steps for the security processes to protect the security and confidentiality of personal information from breaching (Torigai, 2012). The information of the Paper applications is also stored in a secure storage. The applications and personal information are accessible only to recruiting managers. Recommendations and changes Although the company claims that it takes all possible measures to protect the data and is accessible only by recruiting team and all the personals data is used with users consent and also strictly follows the privacy act 1988. However in December 17, 2015 Computershare has been fined over five laky dollars for multiple breaches of regulations and in another case, in 2011 thousands of sensitive information lost by a employee thus the two news implies that the regulation written in privacy policy of Cloud share is only limited to website and is not implemented properly by the company. Thus it is suggested that the privacy policy made by company should be strictly followed and should not be compromised at any circumstances. Conclusion From the report it can be concluded that the protection and utilization of the personal data of individual is the huge challenge that is faced by all the company the privacy act 1988 has been made which had two objectives that includes the protection the personal information in the possession of Australian Government .The Privacy Act contains eleven Information Privacy Principles designed on (Organization for economic cooperation and development) OECD guidelines which set the standard for Australian Government agencies to collect, store, using and disclosing and to providing access to, and correcting personal information. Various sectors like banking marketing and healthcare contains the personal information of its client and its their duty to abide by the privacy act to use the data. Cloudshare company claims that it follows the privacy act to utilize the sensitive information but the two describes case tell another story. Therefore the privacy laws formulated by the company should not only keep in the paper but also should be utilized. References Sadeh, N., Acquisti, A., Breaux, T.D., Cranor, L.F., McDonald, A.M., Reidenberg, J.R., Smith, N.A., Liu, F., Russell, N.C., Schaub, F. and Wilson, S., 2013.The usable privacy policy project. Technical Report, CMU-ISR-13-119, Carnegie Mellon University. Gajanayake, R., Lane, B., Iannella, T. and Sahama, T., 2012. Legal issues related to Accountable-eHealth systems in Australia. Huckvale, K., Prieto, J.T., Tilney, M., Benghozi, P.J. and Car, J., 2015. Unaddressed privacy risks in accredited health and wellness apps: a cross-sectional systematic assessment.BMC medicine,13(1), p.214. Ifinedo, P., 2012. Understanding information systems security policy compliance: An integration of the theory of planned behavior and the protection motivation theory.Computers Security,31(1), pp.83-95. Martini, B. and Choo, K.K.R., 2012. An integrated conceptual digital forensic framework for cloud computing.Digital Investigation,9(2), pp.71-80. Park, Y.J., Campbell, S.W. and Kwak, N., 2012. Affect, cognition and reward: Predictors of privacy protection online.Computers in Human Behavior,28(3), pp.1019-1027. Solove, D.J. and Schwartz, P., 2014.Information privacy law. Wolters Kluwer Law Business Torigai, M., Fujii, M. and Tsukamoto, Y., Mieko Ishii, 2012.Personal information protection method, personal information protection system, processing device, portable transmitter/receiver, and program. U.S. Patent 8,171,556. Torigai, M., Fujii, M. and Tsukamoto, Y., Mieko Ishii, 2012.Personal information protection method, personal information protection system, processing device, portable transmitter/receiver, and program. U.S. Patent 8,171,556. Wright, D. and De Hert, P., 2012. Introduction to privacy impact assessment. InPrivacy Impact Assessment(pp. 3-32). Springer Netherlands

Tina 2 Essay Research Paper tina was free essay sample

Tina 2 Essay, Research Paper tina was a bad miss. she had broken up the fabulous three three. small chris is now purulent wipped and will non talk to his cheeps. 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Suspense in The Turn of the Screw Essays

Suspense in The Turn of the Screw Essays Suspense in The Turn of the Screw Essay Suspense in The Turn of the Screw Essay Suspense in The Turn of the Screw 1 . Keep the stakes high: Throughout the novel, the governess is shown to be somewhat in love with her employer. She describes him as a gentleman in the prime of life, such a figure had never risen, save in a dream or an old novel, before a fluttered, anxious girl and goes on to say he struck her, in evitably, as gallant and splendid (4). In her perspective, she lives to please her employer by carrying out her duties successfully. Yet the ghosts pose a crisis thats devastating to the rotagonists world, and she is willing to do anything to prevent the corruption of the children from the ghosts. This mindset creates suspense and allows the readers to empathize with the governess to some point. 2. Apply pressure: As the antagonists of the novel are the ghosts that corrupt the children, the protagonist, the governess, can only be against insurmountable odds; she is fighting against supernatural beings. Yet, another element that adds to the pressure is the fact that she has nowhere to escape. Mrs. Grose points out that the master didnt like tale-bearing†he hated omplaints. He was terribly short with anything of that kind (35). This installs in the protagonist a resolution to never let this ghost troubles be known to her employer, as she admires him and wants to please him in all ways; now she has to deal with the ghosts by herself. This creates suspense in that the screw has been turned even more; she has no escape. 3. Create dilemmas. Suspense loves a dilemma: The most prominent dilemmas that first appear in the novel consist of the governess struggle with the childrens telling the truth about the ghosts Peter Quint and Miss Jessel. For example, when the governess sees that Floras little bed was empty, she catches her breath with all the terror that, five minutes before, [she] had been able to resist (55). She continuously believes that Flora and Miles are seeing the ghost but are lying to her. This creates a huge dilemma, as the governess faith towards the children is extinguished and the corruption of the children comes more near. This dilemma creates suspense and doubt at the same time, allowing the readers to ponder about the existence of the ghosts. 4. Complicate matters: The novel poses arious complications to the governess; starting with Miles letter of dismissal, the fact that the ghosts are of her predecessor and her lover, and mostly due to the fact that there are two turning of the screw, two children who are corrupted by the ghosts, heightens the complexity of matters to the governess. Everything crashes to the ground at the end of the novel, as Miles little heart, dispossessed, had stopped (117). 5. Create a really good villain: The villains of this novel are the ghost of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel, the governess predecessor. These villains, despite eing apparitions or ghosts, are highly Msible. The governess describes Peter Quints ghost vividly; He has red hair, very red, close-curling, and a pale face, long in shape, with straight rather queer whiskers that are as red as his hair (30). They seem to be rather clever and strongly motivated, and are powerful in the way that they have the ability to corrupt the children and destroy the governess new life. By creating fear in both the readers and the governess, these villains successfully create suspense throughout the novel. *Page numbers are fit to my book, which has a

Probability Distribution in Statistics

Probability Distribution in Statistics If you spend much time at all dealing with statistics, pretty soon you run into the phrase â€Å"probability distribution.† It is here that we really get to see how much the areas of probability and statistics overlap. Although this may sound like something technical, the phrase probability distribution is really just a way to talk about organizing a list of probabilities. A probability distribution is a function or rule that assigns probabilities to each value of a random variable. The distribution may in some cases be listed. In other cases, it is presented as a graph. Example Suppose that we roll two dice and then record the sum of the dice. Sums anywhere from two to 12 are possible. Each sum has a particular probability of occurring. We can simply list these as follows: The sum of 2 has a probability of 1/36The sum of 3 has a probability of 2/36The sum of 4 has a probability of 3/36The sum of 5 has a probability of 4/36The sum of 6 has a probability of 5/36The sum of 7 has a probability of 6/36The sum of 8 has a probability of 5/36The sum of 9 has a probability of 4/36The sum of 10 has a probability of 3/36The sum of 11 has a probability of 2/36The sum of 12 has a probability of 1/36 This list is a probability distribution for the probability experiment of rolling two dice. We can also consider the above as a probability distribution of the random variable defined by looking at the sum of the two dice. Graph A probability distribution can be graphed, and sometimes this helps to show us features of the distribution that were not apparent from just reading the list of probabilities. The random variable is plotted along the x-axis, and the corresponding probability is plotted along the y-axis. For a discrete random variable, we will have a histogram. For a continuous random variable, we will have the inside of a smooth curve. The rules of probability are still in effect, and they manifest themselves in a few ways. Since probabilities are greater than or equal to zero, the graph of a probability distribution must have y-coordinates that are nonnegative. Another feature of probabilities, namely that one is the maximum that the probability of an event can be, shows up in another way. Area Probability The graph of a probability distribution is constructed in such a way that areas represent probabilities. For a discrete probability distribution, we are really just calculating the areas of rectangles. In the graph above, the areas of the three bars corresponding to four, five and six correspond to the probability that the sum of our dice is four, five or six. The areas of all of the bars add up to a total of one. In the standard normal distribution or bell curve, we have a similar situation. The area under the curve between two z values corresponds to the probability that our variable falls between those two values. For example, the area under the bell curve for -1 z. Important Distributions There are literally infinitely many probability distributions. A list of some of the more important distributions follows: Binomial distribution – Gives the number of successes for a series of independent experiments with two outcomesChi-square distribution – For use of determining how close observed quantities fit a proposed modelF-distribution – Used in the analysis of variance (ANOVA)Normal distribution – Called the bell curve and is found throughout statistics.Student’s t distribution – For use with small sample sizes from a normal distribution

The Sources of Conflict in the Middle East Essay

The Sources of Conflict in the Middle East - Essay Example 142). Other theories such as international relations, religious conflict and civil war theories have been used to explain the sources of conflict in the Middle East. Theories of international relations conceptualize what drives state-to-state relations and state behaviour. There are essentially two main theories of international relations: liberalists and neo-realists theories. Liberalists theorize that the spread of liberal politics will eventually lead to world peace while neo-realists theorize that the forces driving the international system encourages all states to â€Å"look to their own self-interests and to prepare for war† (Linklater 2000, p. 833). Looked at from the liberalist theory of international relations the sources of conflict in the Middle East derive from the fact that the region is comprised of non-liberal or non-democratic regimes. Liberalists argue that â€Å"political systems externalize norms of behviour that characterize their domestic process and inst itutions† (Attar 2009, p. 97). Therefore, democratic political systems focus on â€Å"peace† and â€Å"compromise† (Attar 2009, p. 97). Non-democratic political systems on the other hand, focus on â€Å"the elimination or subjugation of political opponents and the forceful resolution of political conflict† (Attar 2009, p. 97). ... It is conceptualized that liberal states temper conflicts among the citizenry because it not only protects human rights, but encourages citizens to express discontent (Sorli 2001). However, it can be argued that non-liberal states can also temper conflict by suppressing citizens’ rights to express discontent (Sorli 2001). It therefore follows that the liberalist theory of international relations is not a satisfactory explanation for the source of conflict in the Middle East. The non-democratic regimes in the Middle East can just as easily contribute to peace as it can contribute to conflict. According to Maoz, Landau and Malz (2004), the neo-realists theory of international relations finds currency in the modern history of the Middle East. According to the neo-realist theory of international relations, states are driven by self-interests and power politics to such an extent that conflict regionally and/or globally is unavoidable. As Maoz et al (2004) argues, Arab states in the Middle East often express a â€Å"common heritage†, yet they may exhibit conduct and values that are inconsistent with that heritage. Egypt made an attempt to harmonize Arab heritage in the Middle East during the 1950s and 1960s and was frequently in conflict with Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Other attempts to harmonize the Arab Middle East such as the Baghdad Pact sponsored by the UK and the US also resulted in regional conflicts such as the Egyptian-Iraqi conflict during the 1950s (Maoz et al 2004). Power politics as espoused by neo-realist theories is also confirmed by Nasser’s attempt to circumvent and dismantle the monarchies in Arab and Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia and Jordan responded with hostility. As Maoz et al (2004) observed: